Fluorescent metal ion indicator. Exhibits resistance to alkaline hydrolysis and displays similar calcium-binding properties to calcein. It fluoresces in both acidic and basic solutions when excited by the correct wavelength. Enhanced fluorescence is shown when bound to Ca (II), La (II) and Zn (II). Reduced fluorescence is shown when bound to Fe (II), Cu (II), Ni (II), Mn (II) and Co (II).

Congo Red is an acid dye that binds to amyloid proteins. The product is used to demonstrate the presence of amyloidosis with color changes at different pHs (pH 3.0- Blue, pH 5.0- Red). Affects growth and metabolic activity in photosynthetic organisms.

Fluorescein Isothiocyanate (FITC) Phalloidin is a green fluorescent stain that binds and labels F-actin but not G-actin, allowing high-contrast discrimination of actin. Non-specific binding of phalloidin is negligible and it provides more intense labeling of F-actin than antibodies.

JC-1 is a Mitochondrial membrane potential indicator/dye that is widely used in apoptosis studies to monitor mitochondrial health. The product is used as an indicator of mitochondrial membrane potential in neurons and also intact tissues and isolated mitochondria, allowing both qualitative visualization and quantitative detection. Interpretation of Results • At low concentrations (due to low mitochondrial membrane potential), JC-1 is predominantly a monomer that yields green fluorescence with emission of 530±15 nm. • At high concentrations (due to high mitochondrial membrane potential), the dye aggregates yielding a red to orange colored emission (590±17.5 nm). Depolarization is indicated by a decrease the aggregate fluorescent count and hyperpolarization is indicated by an increase.

A2A antagonist. Binds irreversibly. Apparent pKi values at A2ARs are 8.27 (after 0.5h) and 8.99 (after 3h), where a Ki shift indicates a covalent mode of action.

Chemokine CCR2 covalent negative allosteric modulator (NAM) binds intracellularly and forms a covalent bond with one of three proximal cysteine residues of CCR2. Apparent pKi values at CCR2 are 8.7 and 9.2 (after 4h), where a Ki shift indicates a covalent mode of action.

A3AR covalent antagonist.Binds irreversibly. Apparent pKi values at A3ARs are 6.9 and 8.0 (after 4h), where a Ki shift indicates a covalent mode of action.

Adenosine A1AR Affinity-Based Probe (AfBP) incubate with live cells or membrane fractions can selectively label the desired receptor in the presence of other proteins. AfBP acts as a partial agonist which is highly specific to the A1AR and binds covalently. Apparent pKi values at A1AR are 7.8 and 9.5 (following a 4h preincubation), where a Ki shift indicates a covalent mode of action.

A2B covalent ligand selectively targets lysine residue(s) on the receptor and binds persistently in radioligand displacement and wash-out assays, allowing for novel ways to interrogate the A2BAR. Apparent pKi values at A2BARs are 8.10 and 9.17 (after 4h), where a Ki shift indicates a covalent mode of action. Displays ~100 -fold selectivity for A2B compared to A1, A2A and A3 receptors.

MTT is a tetrazolium dye that is frequently employed in experiments to measure the rate of cell proliferation or growth. When MTT is introduced into living cells, it undergoes a chemical transformation facilitated by certain enzymes called NAD(P)H-dependent cellular oxidoreductases, leading to the production of formazan which is a bluish or purplish insoluble substance.

Methoxy-X04 is a fluorescent substance that can pass through the blood-brain barrier (BBB). It is used to identify amyloid β deposits in the brain after death. When tested in a laboratory setting, it showed a strong attraction to amyloid beta fibrils (Ki = 26.87 nM). Additionally, the compound is active in vivo.

Fluorescently labeled Muscimol TMR-X conjugate is used for visulazing the spatial gradient of reversible brain inactivations. It exhibits agonist activity GABAA and GABAC receptors and is active in vivo.

Oxazole Yellow iodide, a green fluorescent DNA marker, is a carbocyanine nucleic acid stain that has a strong binding affinity to nucleic acids. It is commonly used to identify apoptotic cells. YP1 does not penetrate the plasma membrane of viable cells. However, apoptotic processes cause the cell membrane to become slightly permeable, allowing YP1 to enter these cells and bind to nucleic acids to allow detection of apoptotic cells.

Oxazole Yellow iodide, a green fluorescent DNA marker, is a carbocyanine nucleic acid stain that has a strong binding affinity to nucleic acids. It is commonly used to identify apoptotic cells. YP1 does not penetrate the plasma membrane of viable cells. However, apoptotic processes cause the cell membrane to become slightly permeable, allowing YP1 to enter these cells and bind to nucleic acids to allow detection of apoptotic cells.

Pyronin Y is a cationic dye that intercalates RNA, and displays a red band during electrophoresis. It accumulates in the mitochondria of viable cells and it is often used as a differential stain of nucleic acids in paraffin tissue sections when used with Methyl Green or Nancy-520.