Analysis of Cytokines in Stroke

Cytokines are substances that modulate the immune system and they have crucial functions in cell activation, differentiation, and proliferation. During ischemic stroke, infiltrating leukocytes, microglia, resident neurons, and glial cells in the brain secrete proinflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), as well as anti-inflammatory cytokines, including IL-1R antagonists (IL-1Ra) and IL -10, during cerebral ischemia. These cytokines in the ischemic stroke-induced neuroinflammation form a complex signaling network that may increase cellular flow or cause additional injury. Understanding when these cytokines increase or decrease in time and how these cytokines affect infarct volume is important for the development of therapeutic targets and prognostic biomarkers for stroke.

Fig. 1. Understanding when cytokines increase or decrease is important for the development of stroke therapeutic targets. Fig. 1. Pro-inflammatory ILs in ischemic stroke. (Zhu et al., 2022)

Our Cytokine Analysis Services for Stroke

At Ace Therapeutics, our dedicated team of researchers and experts in the field of neuroscience is committed to providing accurate and reliable cytokine analysis services for stroke research. By analyzing the role of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines produced during stroke, we aim to help customers further understand how inflammation can promote the progress of ischemic damage, and develop potential novel therapeutic targets and biomarkers for stroke prognosis. Through our advanced laboratory facilities and technologies, we offer comprehensive cytokine analysis services tailored to the specific needs of researchers and pharmaceutical companies.

Types of Cytokines We Can Detect

We employ a variety of methods to analyze the neurotoxic and neuroprotective effects of cytokines in MCAO models.

Pro-inflammatory Cytokines	Interferon-γ (IFN-γ), TNF-α, IL-1 family, IL-6, IL-8, IL-12, IL-15, IL-16, IL-20, IL-18, IL-23/IL-17
Anti-inflammatory Cytokines	IL-2, IL-4, IL-10, IL-13, IL-19, Transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β)

How We Detect Cytokines

Multiplex Cytokine Assays	We offer multiple cytokine assays (such as Luminex technology) to simultaneously measure multiple cytokines in the brain tissue of animal models of stroke.
Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA)	We use ELISA to measure the concentration of specific cytokines in the blood or cerebrospinal fluid of stroke animal models. This provides data to assess the state of inflammation and identify potential biomarkers associated with stroke severity and prognosis.
Flow Cytometry	We use flow cytometry to study immune cell populations and their cytokine production in stroke animals, providing valuable data on immune cell subpopulations involved in the inflammatory response.
Gene Expression Analysis	Gene expression analysis allows us to examine the expression levels of cytokine-related genes in stroke animals. We use techniques such as quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) or RNA sequencing to identify changes in gene expression patterns associated with the immune response to stroke.

Ace Therapeutics provides comprehensive analysis services to elucidate the role of cytokines in the pathophysiology of stroke. We work closely with our clients to provide customized solutions to meet the unique requirements of each research project. If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us!

Reference

Zhu, H., et al. (2022). Interleukins and ischemic stroke. Frontiers in immunology, 13, 828447.

All of our services are intended for preclinical research use only and cannot be used to diagnose, treat or manage patients.