Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) culminates in the autoimmune destruction of the pancreatic β-cells, leading to insufficient production of insulin and development of hyperglycemia. Diagnosis of diabetes can help researchers efficiently analyze the causes of diabetes and advance the development of therapies. Ace Therapeutics can provide diagnostic development service of T1DM with more efficient function analysis.

Overview of T1DM Diagnosis

T1DM is a chronic autoimmune disease characterized by insulin deficiency as a consequence of autoimmune-mediated destruction of insulin producing pancreatic β-celIs. At the time of diagnosis, 80% to 90% of β-cells mass has been lost. Biomarkers including a combination of glucose, glycated molecules, C-peptide, and autoantibodies have been well established for the diagnosis of T1DM.

Pancreatic Changes and Immune Abnormalities in T1DM (Alvin, C. P. The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 2021)

T1DM Diagnostic Markers

Although T1DM has been investigated for over a century, the etiology of the disease is still not fully understood. Until now, the biomarkers implemented in clinical practice such as glucose, HbAlc, C-peptide, and autoantibodies (AAb) were mainly diagnostic markers.

• Glucose-related Biomarkers
  The blood-based glucose-related testing includes hemoglobin Ale (HbAlc) (a product of non-enzymatic glycation), the fasting plasma glucose (FPG), and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT).
• Autoantibody-based Biomarkers
  There are five commonly tested AAb markers used in the diagnosis of T1DM which include ICA (islet-cell cytoplasmic AAb), GADA (glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD) AAb), IA-2A (insulinoma 2 (IA-2)- associated AAb), IAA (insulin AAb), ZNT8A (zinc transporter 8 AAb).
• C-peptide
  Stimulated serum C-peptide level (as a surrogate for insulin) has been considered a consistent and sensitive measure of β-cell function and can be used to help differentiate autoimmune-diabetes from other diabetes subtypes.
• Potential Novel Biomarkers
  Identifying novel biomarker candidates potentially useful for indicating the level of β-cell destruction, dysfunction, and mass as well as the ongoing immunological response in serum. There are some novel biomarkers including proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, et al., that can be detected by metabolomic techniques.

The Many Types of Potential Biomarkers (Yi, L.; et al. Translational Research. 2018)

Methods for T1DM Diagnosis

T1DM is distinguished from other types by a blood test for the presence of autoantibodies that target various components of the β-cell. The most commonly available tests detect antibodies against glutamic acid decarboxylase, the β-cell cytoplasm, or insulin. Islet cell antibodies can be measured by conventional immunofluorescence, while the other antibodies can be measured by radioactive binding assay.

Different Types of Potential Biomarkers for T1DM and the Associated Omics Technologies (Yi, L.; et al. Translational Research. 2018)

Our Services

Effective diagnostics can help clients complete their disease model analysis more efficiently and help accelerate therapy development of T1DM. Ace Therapeutics can provide the T1DM diagnostic development services for different diagnostic markers (glucose, HbAlc, C-peptide, autoantibodies, proteins, nucleic acids, and metabolites, et al.).

In addition, we provide T1DM biomarker development and T1DM therapy development service for our clients worldwide.

Features

Ace Therapeutics offers cost-effect and high-quality research services related to T1DM diagnostic development for our clients worldwide. Our assays are developed and processed with the highest standard and the results are delivered on time without compromising quality. Please feel free to contact us .

Reference

1. Yi, L.; et al. Serum biomarkers for diagnosis and prediction of type 1 diabetes. Translational Research. 2018, 201, 13-25.

• T1DM Pathological Research Service
• T1DM Modeling Service
• T1DM Therapy Development Service
• T1DM Biomarker Development Service

• Mouse Models
• Assay Kits
• Antibodies
• Cell Lines & Lysates
• Proteins & Peptides
• Inhibitors & Activators