Early intervention can significantly improve the development and prognosis of T1DM, and effective biomarkers are great significance for the early prediction and diagnosis of T1DM. As a diabetes focused solution provider, Ace Therapeutics has established a multi-functional CRO platform service. We can provide researchers engaged in biomarker development of diabetes with more efficient function analysis.

Biomarkers of T1DM

Some biomarkers can be used for the diagnosis and the prediction of disease risk of T1DM, including genetic markers, pancreatic islets β-cell autoantibodies, T cell biomarkers and emerging biomarkers.

• Genetic Marker
  The genetic risk assessment of T1DM is mainly based on human leukocyte antigen (HLA) typing, and the most critical gene is HLA class II antigen gene. The HLA-DR 3, HLA-DR 4 and HLA-DQ 8 genotypes can be used to predict the risk of T1DM.
• Pancreatic Islets β-cell Autoantibodies
  Pancreatic islets β-cell autoantibodies, do not directly lead to T1DM, but they have become one of the most commonly used classical biomarkers for predicting T1DM.
• T Cell Biomarkers
  Some components of innate and adaptive immune systems are related to β-cell destruction, but T cells are the main mediators. T cell biomarkers can be divided into two categories: antigen-specific and non-antigen-specific.

Antigen Specific T Cell Biomarkers	Non Antigen Specific T Cell Biomarkers
Islet specific CD4 T cells and CD8 T cells can recognize insulin or proinsulin epitopes in T1DM patients.	Including T cell subsets, such as T follicular helper cells, regulatory T cells and functional markers CD4+ T cells.

• Emerging Biomarkers
  With the development of micro molecular biology and gene technology, emerging biomarkers, including nucleic acid biomarkers, proteomics and metabolomics biomarkers.

  Nucleic Acid Biomarker: The free nucleic acids can be detected β-cell death. The most important is MicroRNA (miRNA).
  Proteomic Biomarkers: Adiponectin, apolipoprotein, cluster protein and corticosteroid binding protein biomarkers.
  Metabolomics Biomarkers: Amino acid metabolism is potentially important in the early stage of T1DM.

Potential Conduits for Cellular Escape of Biomolecules (Sims, E. K.; et al. Diabetologia. 2018)

Our Services

Effective biomarkers are of great significance for early prediction of T1DM. Ace Therapeutics has the expertise, scale and instruments to provide the biomarker development services.

• Metabolomics-based Biomarker Development
  Metabolomic detection is performed using mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance to identify biomarkers related to diabetes, including metabolites such as amino acids, fatty acids, lipids, organic acids, and carbohydrates.
• β-cell Stress and Death Biomarkers Development
  Generating of a comprehensive multiple-biomarker panel that reflects the state of β-cell health at different stages throughout the disease course.
• Gut Microbiota-based Biomarker Development
  Analyzing the changes in gut flora abundance associated with T1DM before and after islet β-cell autoantibody conversion by high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing.

Features

Ace Therapeutics offers cost-effect and high-quality research services related to T1DM biomarker development for our clients worldwide. Our assays are developed and processed with the highest standard and the results are delivered on time without compromising quality. Please feel free to contact us.

References

1. Sims, E. K.; et al. Biomarkers of islet beta cell stress and death in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia. 2018, 61(11), 2259-2265.
2. MISHRA, S.; et al. Probiotics and prebiotics for the amelioration of type 1 diabetes: present and future perspectives. Microorganisms. 2019, 7(3), 67.

• T1DM Pathological Research Service
• T1DM Modeling Service
• T1DM Therapy Development Service
• T1DM Diagnostic Development Services

• Mouse Models
• Assay Kits
• Antibodies
• Cell Lines & Lysates
• Proteins & Peptides
• Inhibitors & Activators