About Conjunctivitis

What is Conjunctivitis?

Conjunctivitis, also known as pink eye, is an infection of the conjunctiva (the outermost eye layer covering the sclera). Clinical characteristics include inflammation and swelling of the conjunctival tissue, with blood vessel congestion, ocular discharge, and pain.

Common Types of Conjunctivitis

There are many ways to classify conjunctivitis, which can be classified according to etiology, chronicity, severity, and extent of surrounding tissue involvement.

The etiology of conjunctivitis may be infectious or non-infectious. Viral and bacterial conjunctivitis are the most common causes of infectious conjunctivitis, whereas allergic and toxin-induced conjunctivitis are the most common non-infectious causes.

Infectious conjunctivitis is the fifth leading cause of blindness in humans and a potentially sight-threatening disease. Major precipitating factors include chronic ocular surface disease, prolonged contact lens wear, ocular trauma, systemic disease, previous keratitis, previous surgery, previous use of topical steroids or traditional medical eye drops, and other ocular defects. Infectious conjunctivitis can generally be divided into microbial conjunctivitis (bacteria, fungi, or parasites) and viral conjunctivitis (herpes virus).

Allergic conjunctivitis is a group of allergic diseases of the ocular surface affecting more than 20% of the population. It is part of a larger systemic atopic disease characterized by IgE-mediated or T lymphocyte-mediated immune hyperactivity and allergic reaction. The main clinical symptoms include edema, tearing, conjunctival hyperemia, and eyelid edema. Due to a lack of understanding of the underlying molecular mechanisms by which certain allergens induce allergic inflammation of the conjunctiva, there are currently no effective treatments.

Three common types of conjunctivitis are viral conjunctivitis, allergic conjunctivitis, and bacterial conjunctivitis.

• Viral conjunctivitis: Usually associated with an upper respiratory infection, cold, or sore throat.
• Allergic conjunctivitis: Usually seasonal, it may also be caused by cosmetics or drugs, etc.
• Bacterial conjunctivitis: Usually caused by bacteria such as staphylococcus and streptococcus. The severity of the infection depends on the type of bacteria involved.

One-Stop Preclinical Conjunctivitis Studies Solutions

As an industry-leading comprehensive contract research organization (CRO), Ace Therapeutics focuses on the health of ocular diseases and improves ocular diseases by helping customers provide drug discovery and preclinical research solutions. Our support staff averages decades of experience in preclinical ophthalmology research for pharmaceutical companies, biotech companies, and large CROs, who help customers around the world deal with each stage of preclinical drug development. Our one-stop solutions cover the development of ocular disease models, in vivo ocular pharmacodynamic studies, ocular tolerance and safety studies, early pilot studies, and proof-of-concept and bioanalytical levels. All of our projects are customizable and flexible, which allows us to fully understand our clients' needs and how to meet them.

At Ace Therapeutics, our team of experts is dedicated to supporting your preclinical conjunctivitis research. We offer a variety of rodent models of allergic conjunctivitis and infectious keratitis to help you analyze conjunctivitis and develop new treatments. Ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic conjunctivitis model and ragweed pollen-induced allergic conjunctivitis are our most classic group of experimental allergy models, which can simulate human allergic conjunctivitis to evaluate novel anti-inflammatory therapies. In addition, a series of keratitis models, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, fungal keratitis mouse models, and transgenic mouse models of infectious keratitis have been used to evaluate novel antimicrobial therapies and identify therapeutic mechanisms. With our cutting-edge technology and competitive pricing, we are happy to help you achieve your goals.

References

1. Azari AA, Arabi A. Conjunctivitis: A Systematic Review. J Ophthalmic Vis Res. 2020, 15(3):372-395.
2. Villegas BV, Benitez-Del-Castillo JM. Current Knowledge in Allergic Conjunctivitis. Turk J Ophthalmol. 2021, 51(1):45-54.

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