T2DM is characterized by impaired glucose metabolism and insulin resistance, coupled with dysregulation of multiple biologic pathways. Accurate prediction and identification using biomarkers will be useful for T2DM prevention. As a dedicated CRO company, Ace Therapeutics can provide researchers engaged in biomarker development of diabetes with more efficient function analysis.
In T2DM over 400 genetic variants have been found, and each of them has only a moderate or small effect on the risk of T2DM. These genetic variants influence multiple processes in tissues and cells, including β-cells (islet development, islet senescence, islet function), adipocytes, skeletal muscle, liver, and other tissues.
There are many candidate genes identified such as TCF7L2 gene, KCNQ1 gene, PPAR-γ gene, MODY gene et al. The TCF7L2 gene can affect glucagon-like pep-tide1 (GLP-1) levels, and the GLP-1 has stimulating effects both on insulin secretion and on β-cells growth.
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Fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21) is a secreted secretion that can regulate glucose and lipid metabolism. Its biological activity mainly involves lowering blood glucose and improving blood lipid. It promotes glycogen synthesis, controls insulin action in the liver and maintains glucose homeostasis by activating insulin signaling pathways in the liver and primary hepatocytes. |
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Glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) is a peptide hormone, mainly secreted by endocrine cells of small intestine in response to nutritional load, and has a variety of biological effects. On the one hand, GLP-1 acts on islet β-cells in the pancreas, promoting insulin secretion and at the same time promoting the proliferation and differentiation of islet β-cells. On the other hand, it can also act on islet α-cells to reduce postprandial glucagon secretion, reduce hepatic glycogen breakdown, lower postprandial blood sugar. |
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The peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) gene belongs to the steroid/thyroid/retinoic acid receptor superfamily and plays an important role in controlling fat storage and catabolism. |
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Insulin is secreted by pancreatic β-cells and is mainly used to lower blood sugar and promote the synthesis of glycogen, fat and protein. Insulin gene mutation can lead to the development of diabetes. |
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In T2DM over 400 genetic variants have been found, and each of them has only a moderate or small effect on the risk of T2DM. There are many candidate genes identified such as KCNQ1 gene, MODY gene, KCNJ11 gene, Calpain-10 gene, ENPP1 gene, and ADIPOR2 gene et al. |
Metabolites can be identified as biomarkers that may be useful for the diagnosis or treatment of diabetes. For example, amino acids have been proposed to be useful diagnostic biomarkers because the metabolism of amino acids is considerably altered in pre-diabetes and continue to vary over the course of T2DM progression. Metabolites, MicroRNA or other biomolecules for T2DM to complement traditional biomarkers such as HbA1c and blood glucose.
Identification of Islets of Langerhans Using Autofluorescence, Snapshot of Laser Capture Microdissection Isolation (Barovic, M.; et al. Molecular metabolism, 2019)
Effective biomarkers are of great significance for early prediction of T2DM. Ace Therapeutics has the expertise, scale and instruments to provide the biomarker development services. Our services include but not limited to the followings.
Discovering candidate genes and mutant types of known pathogenic gene related to T2DM.
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Ace Therapeutics offers cost-effect and high-quality research services related to T2DM biomarker development for our clients worldwide. Our assays are developed and processed with the highest standard and the results are delivered on time without compromising quality. Please feel free to contact us.
