x
- Home
- About Diabetes
- Services
- Diabetes Mellitus Modeling Solutions
- R&D Services for Diabetes Mellitus and Diabetic Complications
- By Drug Development Process
- About Us
- Careers
- Contact Us
Cat. No.: DPP-001061
| Product Overview | |
|---|---|
| Species | Human |
| Expression System | Wheat germ |
| Format | Liquid |
| Purity | ≥97% by SDS-PAGE |
| Nature | Recombinant |
| Target Information | |
|---|---|
| Gene Name | INSR |
| UniProt No. | P06213 |
| Gene ID | 3643 |
| Alternative Names | CD220; HHF5; human insulin receptor; Insr; INSR_HUMAN; Insulin receptor subunit beta; IR; IR 1; IR-1; IR1 |
| Function | Receptor tyrosine kinase which mediates the pleiotropic actions of insulin. Binding of insulin leads to phosphorylation of several intracellular substrates, including, insulin receptor substrates (IRS1, 2, 3, 4), SHC, GAB1, CBL and other signaling intermediates. Each of these phosphorylated proteins serve as docking proteins for other signaling proteins that contain Src-homology-2 domains (SH2 domain) that specifically recognize different phosphotyrosines residues, including the p85 regulatory subunit of PI3K and SHP2. Phosphorylation of IRSs proteins lead to the activation of two main signaling pathways: the PI3K-AKT/PKB pathway, which is responsible for most of the metabolic actions of insulin, and the Ras-MAPK pathway, which regulates expression of some genes and cooperates with the PI3K pathway to control cell growth and differentiation. Binding of the SH2 domains of PI3K to phosphotyrosines on IRS1 leads to the activation of PI3K and the generation of phosphatidylinositol-(3, 4, 5)-triphosphate (PIP3), a lipid second messenger, which activates several PIP3-dependent serine/threonine kinases, such as PDPK1 and subsequently AKT/PKB. The net effect of this pathway is to produce a translocation of the glucose transporter SLC2A4/GLUT4 from cytoplasmic vesicles to the cell membrane to facilitate glucose transport. Moreover, upon insulin stimulation, activated AKT/PKB is responsible for: anti-apoptotic effect of insulin by inducing phosphorylation of BAD; regulates the expression of gluconeogenic and lipogenic enzymes by controlling the activity of the winged helix or forkhead (FOX) class of transcription factors. Another pathway regulated by PI3K-AKT/PKB activation is mTORC1 signaling pathway which regulates cell growth and metabolism and integrates signals from insulin. AKT mediates insulin-stimulated protein synthesis by phosphorylating TSC2 thereby activating mTORC1 pathway. The Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway is mainly involved in mediating cell growth, survival and cellular differentiation of insulin. Phosphorylated IRS1 recruits GRB2/SOS complex, which triggers the activation of the Ras/RAF/MAP2K/MAPK pathway. In addition to binding insulin, the insulin receptor can bind insulin-like growth factors (IGFI and IGFII). Isoform Short has a higher affinity for IGFII binding. When present in a hybrid receptor with IGF1R, binds IGF1. shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long are activated with a high affinity by IGF1, with low affinity by IGF2 and not significantly activated by insulin, and that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short are activated by IGF1, IGF2 and insulin. In contrast, shows that hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Long and hybrid receptors composed of IGF1R and INSR isoform Short have similar binding characteristics, both bind IGF1 and have a low affinity for insulin. |
| Involvement In Disease | Rabson-Mendenhall syndromeLeprechaunismDiabetes mellitus, non-insulin-dependentFamilial hyperinsulinemic hypoglycemia 5Insulin-resistant diabetes mellitus with acanthosis nigricans type A |
| Cellular Localization | Cell membrane. |
| Protein Length | Protein fragment |
| Sequence | IVLYEVSYRRYGDEELHLCVSRKHFALERGCRLRGLSPGNYSVRIRATSL AGNGSWTEPTYFYVTDYLDVPSNIAKIIIGPLIFVFLFSVVIGSIYLFLR,Belongs to the protein kinase superfamily. Tyr protein kinase family. Insulin receptor subfamily. Contains 3 fibronectin type-III domains. Contains 1 protein kinase domain. |
| Shipping & Storage | |
|---|---|
| Shipping | Shipped on dry ice. |
| Storage | Store at +4°C short term (1-2 weeks). Upon delivery aliquot. Store at -20°C or -80°C. Avoid freeze / thaw cycle. |
Ace Therapeutics has a team of experts in the field of endocrine and metabolic research, aiming to provide innovative preclinical contract research solutions to cope with diabetes and its complications. We provide customized solutions and technical support, enabling the transformation of promising concepts into innovative treatments, thus accelerating the drug development process of diabetes.
