T2DM is a progressive condition, and to prevent long-term complications, improving and sustaining glycemic control is vital. Despite the variety of available glucose-lowering agents, emphasizing the need for further therapeutic options. Ace Therapeutics provides a complete set of oral antidiabetics development service for T2DM.

Oral Hypoglycemic for T2DM

Common hypoglycemic drugs include insulin and its analogues, sulfonylurea secretagogues, metformin, α-Glucosidase inhibitor, thiazolidinedione derivative sensitizer, GLP-1 receptor agonist, DPP-4 enzyme inhibitor, etc. Oral antidiabetics help patients to manage themselves more conveniently, and the combination of oral hypoglycemic drugs and insulin can avoid hypoglycemia caused by some oral antidiabetics or insulin overdose.

• Metformin
  Metformin is generally recommended as a first line treatment. The antihyperglycemic effect of metformin is mainly based on suppression of hepatic gluconeogenesis by activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK). Metformin does not increase insulin secretion and is rarely associated with hypoglycemia or weight gain.
• Sulfonylureas
  The main role is to promote the secretion of insulin from pancreatic β-cells. The most commonly used is glimepiride.
• Thiazolidinediones
  The main effect is to increase the sensitivity of insulin and improve blood sugar control. Pioglitazone and rosiglitazone are currently available.
• Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitors
  It is mainly to reduce glucagon (glucagon) and hypoglycemia, common linagliptin, saxagliptin, vildagliptin, sitagliptin.
• SGLT2 inhibitors
  The main effect is to inhibit the reabsorption of glucose in the kidneys and excrete glucose in the urine. SGLT2 inhibitors can reduce blood glucose levels and can reduce diastolic and systolic blood pressure. Common drugs such as dapagliflozin, canagliflozin, ertugliflozin, empagliflozin.
• Glucagon-like peptide-1 analogs
  It can increase insulin secretion and inhibit the secretion of postprandial glucagon. most GLP receptor agonists (liraglutide, exenatide, and others) are administered orally.

Insulin analogue formulations with duration of action (Chatterjee, S.; et al. The lancet, 2017)

Oral Hypoglycemic Delivery

After oral administration, insulin is absorbed by the hepatic portal vein and transported to the liver, which can activate normal physiological functions. However, the gastrointestinal tract has multiple absorption barriers, such as chemical barriers, enzymatic barriers, and osmotic barriers, making it difficult to achieve ideal oral bioavailability. In order to improve the bioavailability of drugs, many new carriers are applied to drug delivery systems.

• Inorganic Nano Carrier
  Many inorganic nano carriers such as gold nanoparticles, zirconium phosphate (ZrP) nanoparticles and silica nanoparticles can be used in oral drug delivery systems. Compared with organic materials, these inorganic materials are more stable in the acidic conditions of gastrointestinal tract and enzyme environment.
• Polymer Carrier
  In natural polymers, polysaccharides (chitosan, dextran and alginate) and proteins (gelatin) are often used for oral delivery. Synthetic polymers are mainly including polycaprolactone, poly lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA) and poly lactic acid (PLA).
• Liposomes
  Liposomes have similar structures with cell membranes and are widely used as carriers of polypeptide drugs.
• Microorganism
  Microorganisms can also be used as oral drug carriers. For example, yeast can enter lymphatic and blood circulation via M cell-mediated endocytosis.

Our Services

With years of experience in drug development, Ace Therapeutics can provide our clients with oral antidiabetics development services that significantly improve the quality of new drugs while accelerating the therapeutic development and drug discovery process. Our services include but not limited to the followings.

Features of Our Services

With years of translational research and drug discovery experience, Ace Therapeutics can accelerate the therapeutic development and drug discovery process about T2DM for our clients worldwide. Our assays are developed and processed with the highest standard and the results are delivered on time without compromising quality. Please feel free to contact us.

References

1. Bailey, C. J. & Day, C. Treatment of type 2 diabetes: future approaches. Br Med Bull. 2018, 126(1), 123-137.
2. Chatterjee, S.; et al. Type 2 diabetes. The lancet. 2017, 389(10085), 2239-2251.

• Gene Therapy Development Service for T2DM
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